一般將來時的具體用法
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一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原型構(gòu)成,shall用于第一人稱,will用于第二、三人稱。這個時態(tài)的肯定、否定及疑問機(jī)構(gòu)可表示如下:
上海英語冬令營 英語語法 一般將來時
i shall go.
i shall not go.
shall i go?
除英國以外的說英語的國家,在陳述句中,即使在第一人稱一般也用will,在英國也有這種趨勢,在口語中常緊縮為i’ll.
一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作和情況:
i will (shall) arrive tomorrow.
will you be busy tonight?
the agreement will come into force next spring.
we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.
有時表示將來的時間狀語,有時沒有時間狀語,這時要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動作或情況:
i will think it over.
who will take the chair?
will she come?
they won’t object it.
在以i 或 we 作主語的問句中,一般用shall,這時或是征求對方的意見(a),或是詢問一個情況(b):
a. shall i make a fair copy of it?
which book shall i read first?
where shall we meet?
b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?
when shall we have the rehearsal?
shall i be able to find them there?
在這類問句中,近年來也有不少人用will,特別是美國。
what will we do?
how will get there?
which will i take?
注意在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般不能用將來時態(tài),而用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替:
i’ll let you have the book when i’m through.
they’ll fight till they win complete victory.
i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.
注:在兩種情況下條件從句可以用一般將來時:
1. 表示愿望:
if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.
2.主句的謂語表時現(xiàn)在的情況:
if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。
表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況,除了一般將來時外,還有一些其他結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài):
1. be going +不定式(表打算、準(zhǔn)備作的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事):
we ‘re going to put up a building here.
how are you going to spend your holiday?
who is going to speak first?
2. be +不定式(表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或用來征求對方的意見):
when is the factory to go into production?
the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.
am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?
3.一般現(xiàn)在時(限于某些動詞,表示按計劃或時刻要發(fā)生的事):
school finishes on january 18th.
we get off at the next stop.
when does the winter vacation begin?
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(限于某些動詞,表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事):
we are having an english evening tonight.
they are playing some folk music next.
i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).
在單純表示將來情況,特別是談一連串的事情或在帶時間或條件狀語從句的句子中,謂語多用將來時:
next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.
he’ll come to see you when he has time.
he’ll tell you if you ask him.
在表示打算或準(zhǔn)備時,如不提時間、條件等,多用be going to這個結(jié)構(gòu),用一般將來時時很少的,特別是在口語中:
he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少說he will buy a dictionary.)
在談即將發(fā)生的情況時,用be going to 這個結(jié)構(gòu)也多一些。在表示按計劃安排要做得事時,用be to 的時候也不少。另外還有將來進(jìn)行時等時態(tài)也可表示將來的動作。
注:be about to 可表示即將作某事
we are about to leave.
he is about to retire.
一般將來時有時還可用來表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作:
a drowning man will catch at a straw.
crops will die without water.
oil will float on water.
注:這一時態(tài)有時用來表示揣測(a)或容量(b):
a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.
b. the hall will seat 500people.